AUTHOR=Chang Horng-Jinh , Lin Kuan-Reng , Lin Meng-Te , Chang Junn-Liang 

TITLE=Associations Between Lifestyle Factors and Reduced Kidney Function in US Older Adults: NHANES 1999–2016

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 66 - 2021

YEAR=2021

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2021.1603966

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2021.1603966

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=Objective: To evaluate associations between lifestyle factors and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels in older adults by analyzing the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (1999-2016). 
Methods: A total of 10,052 eligible participants were divided into two groups: reduced eGFR group (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2) and normal group (eGFR  60 ml/min/1.73m2). Primary factors were physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking and comorbidities. 
Results: Multivariable analysis revealed that older age, proteinuria, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, and hypertension were significantly associated with higher odds of reduced kidney function. Sufficient physical activity, current alcohol consumption, and current smoker were significantly associated with lower odds of reduced kidney function. However, subgroup analysis by sex revealed that the effects of proteinuria, current alcohol consumption and sufficient physical were sex-specific.
Conclusion: Several risk and beneficial factors for reduced kidney function in adults aged 65 and above in the US were identified, but some of them might be sex-specific. Further studies are warrant to confirm these findings in other populations and countries.