AUTHOR=Sadeghi Yasaman , Naghash Mahdokht , Poustchi Hossein , Alvand Saba , Gandomkar Abdullah , Molavi Vardanjani Hossein , Malekzadeh Fatemeh , Boffetta Paolo , Abnet Christian C. , Freedman Neal D. , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash 

TITLE=Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Waterpipe Users

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 69 - 2024

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2024.1607156

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2024.1607156

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=Objectives: To determine the associations between waterpipe use, duration, and intensity of use with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome and its components (increased waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol).We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses using data from the Pars Cohort Study in southern Iran, encompassing 9264 participants at the baseline, and 5002 randomly selected in a repeated follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression models to report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Among 9264 participants, 33.7% had metabolic syndrome, and 37.6% had ever smoked waterpipe, with both more common in women than in men. In adjusted models, former waterpipe use was significantly associated with prevalence (OR=1.43, 95%CI:1.23-1.68) and incidence (OR=1.57, 95%CI:1.19-2.06) of the metabolic syndrome while current waterpipe use was not. Past use was associated with increased risk in all components of metabolic syndrome; current use was associated with increases in all except high blood glucose and hypertension. Waterpipe use was associated with metabolic syndrome and its components, especially among former users potentially due to higher intensity and earlier initiation of use.