AUTHOR=Endalew Getaneh , Beyene Melkamu Bedimo , Kassie Ayalew , Wassie Gizachew Tadesse 

TITLE=Incidence and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Northwest, Ethiopia

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 70 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2025.1607892

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2025.1607892

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, especially for children living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of Tuberculosis in children on Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) and its predictors in Northwest Ethiopia.A retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 428 children on ART using simple random sampling from patients' registries (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019)(2020). STATA statistical software was used for data analysis. The Cox regression model was used to explore predictors of TB infection.Result: The study found that the incidence density of TB was 3.37 cases per 100 personyears. The risk factors for TB incidence among children on ART included a history of contact with active TB cases, missed isoniazid preventive therapy, and advanced stages of WHO clinical stage of AIDS, poor drug adherence, and incomplete vaccination status.The incidence of TB among children on ART is high, particularly within the first year of enrolment. Children with incomplete vaccination, poor adherence, missed isoniazid prophylaxis, history of TB contact, and advanced WHO clinical stage are at an increased risk of TB incidence.