AUTHOR=Muthappan Sendhilkumar , Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi , Mohd Gulam , Beryl Lydia Jasmine , Priya Janana , Salvankar Anusha , Mallina Pujitha , Varanasi Vineetha , Ponnaiah Manickam , Roy Subarna , Murhekar Manoj V. 

TITLE=Risk of Swine Influenza Virus Spillover at the Human-Swine Interface – a Scoping Review

JOURNAL=International Journal of Public Health

VOLUME=Volume 70 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/international-journal-of-public-health/articles/10.3389/ijph.2025.1608380

DOI=10.3389/ijph.2025.1608380

ISSN=1661-8564

ABSTRACT=ObjectivesWe conducted this scoping review to describe the factors that influence the risk of spillover of Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) at various human-swine interfaces.MethodsWe used the PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify relevant articles published until February 2024. We included cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and ecological studies. Two authors screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts. The extracted details were presented in tables and figures.ResultsAmong the 55 studies, the majority were conducted in the United States (n = 27) and published after 2015 (n = 30). Occupational risk factors were the most commonly reported (n = 14), followed by lack of biosecurity measures (n = 10). We classified the identified risk factors into two broad categories: (1) risk factors that influence the transmission of SIV among swine and from swine to human, and (2) risk factors associated with the type of human-swine interfaces.ConclusionVaccination, biosecurity measures, and surveillance systems at human-swine interfaces effectively reduce swine influenza transmission. These strategies can be tailored to specific risk factors in common interaction settings.