AUTHOR=Tavakkoli Maryam , Torkashvand-Khah Zahra , Fink Günther , Takian Amirhossein , Kuenzli Nino , de Savigny Don , Cobos Muñoz Daniel 

TITLE=Evidence From the Decade of Action for Road Safety: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Interventions in Low and Middle-Income Countries

JOURNAL=Public Health Reviews

VOLUME=Volume 43 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.ssph-journal.org/journals/public-health-reviews/articles/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604499

DOI=10.3389/phrs.2022.1604499

ISSN=2107-6952

ABSTRACT=Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of road safety interventions in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), considering the principles of systems theory presented in the Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched for original research studies published during 2011-2019 in the following databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Global Health Library, ProQuest and TRID. We included studies conducted in LMICs, evaluating the effects of road traffic safety interventions and reporting health-related outcomes. 
Results
Of 12353 non-duplicate records, we included a total of 33 studies. Most interventions were related to legislation and enforcement (n=18), leadership (n=5) and speed management (n=4). Overall, legislation and enforcement interventions appear to have the largest impact. Few studies were found for road infrastructure , vehicle safety standard and post crash response interventions.
Conclusions
Based on the currently available evidence, legislation and enforcement interventions appear most impactful in LMICs. However, many interventions remain understudied and more holistic approaches capturing the complexity of road transport systems seem desirable.