Defining competencies for policymaking in public health: A scoping review on the state-of-the-art

Abstract

This study examines the competencies required for effective public health policymaking, seeking to clarify the range of knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary across the policy cycle and to provide a framework to guide training and capacity development. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was conducted, analyzing 43 studies that addressed policymaking competencies in public health. Competencies were inductively coded, synthesized, and organized into themes. Results: 64 competencies were identified and mapped into eight domains: analytical and research, political, leadership and management, design thinking, collaboration and networking, communication, resource mobilization, and technology readiness. Analytical and research competencies were most frequently cited, underscoring the centrality of evidence-based decision-making. Design thinking and collaboration also featured prominently, reflecting the growing emphasis on complexity management and stakeholder engagement. By contrast, communication, resource mobilization, and technology readiness were underrepresented, despite their importance for modern policymaking. Conclusions: The resulting eight-domain framework consolidates a fragmented field and underscores the need for more comprehensive competency-building strategies. It offers practical guidance for policymakers, educators, and institutions seeking to strengthen public health leadership.