CORRECTION

Int. J. Public Health, 23 October 2025

Volume 70 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2025.1609116

Corrigendum: Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994–2022)

  • 1. Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

  • 2. School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

  • 3. Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia

  • 4. Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway

  • 5. School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia

  • 6. Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

  • 7. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

  • 8. Centre for Health Services Studies (CHSS), University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom

  • 9. Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia

  • 10. Arabkir Medical Centre, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Yerevan, Armenia

  • 11. Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

  • 12. National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia

  • 13. School of Psychology and Life Sciences, SPIC/Hei-Lab/Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal

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There was a mistake in Table 3 as published. The headers in the first two rows in table three were off. The corrected Table 3 appears below.

TABLE 3

Trend until 2018 Trend until 2022
Psychological complaints Somatic complaints Psychological complaints Somatic complaints
Country/region Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls
Armeniae Linear decrease Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped*
Austriaa Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped*
Belgium—Flandersa Linear increase Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Cubic Cubic* Cubic* Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped*
Belgium—Walloniaa Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic* —* Linear increase
Bulgariad Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic* Linear increase Linear increase* Cubic*
Canadaa Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped*
Croatiac Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped*
Czechia Linear increase Linear increase Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic*
Denmarka Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Cubic* Linear increase Cubic*
Englandb Cubic Linear increase Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic* Cubic* Cubic*
Estoniaa Cubic Cubic Cubic* Cubic Cubic* Cubic
Finlanda Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped —* Cubic*
Francea Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase* Cubic*
Germanya Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Cubic* Cubic* Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped*
Greeceb Linear decrease Cubic Cubic* Cubic Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic*
Greenlanda Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase* Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase
Hungarya Cubic Linear increase Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic Linear increase Cubic*
Icelandd Linear increase Cubic Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped* / Quadratic—U-shaped*
Irelandb Linear increase Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped* Linear increase* Linear increase
Israela Linear decrease —* Cubic* Quadratic–inverted U-shaped* Cubic*
Italyc Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped* / Linear increase
Latviaa Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic* Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped*
Lithuaniaa Cubic Quadratic - inverted U-shaped Cubic* Cubic Quadratic-inverted U-shaped Cubic*
Luxembourgd Cubic Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped*
North-Macedoniac Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase* Linear increase*
Maltac Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase
Netherlandsc Linear increase Cubic Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped* Linear increase* Linear increase*
Norwaya Linear increase Cubic* Linear increase Linear increase*
Polanda Cubic Cubic Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Linear increase Cubic Cubic Linear increase* Cubic*
Portugalb Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped / Quadratic—U-shaped*
Romaniad —/ Quadratic - U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped / Cubic*
Russiaa Quadratic—inverted U-shaped Linear increase
Scotlanda Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase* Quadratic—U-shaped
Slovakiaa Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Cubic* Cubic* Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped*
Sloveniac Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic Linear increase* Linear increase
Spainc Linear decrease Linear decrease Linear decrease Linear decrease Quadratic—U-shaped* Linear decrease
Swedena Linear increase Linear increase Linear increase Cubic* Cubic* Linear increase* Cubic*
Switzerlandb Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Linear increase* Cubic* Linear increase* Cubic*
Ukrainec Quadratic—U-shaped Cubic Cubic
USAb Linear decrease Cubic
Walesa Cubic Quadratic—U-shaped Linear increase Quadratic—U-shaped* Quadratic—U-shaped Quadratic—U-shaped* Cubic*
Total number of countries with
Linear decrease 4 1 0 2 1 0 0 1
Linear increase 6 14 7 20 8 4 19 9
Quadratic—inverted U-shaped 0 0 5 2 0 0 2 0
Quadratic—U-shaped 7 13 1 1 15 18 2 11
Cubic 3 9 2 4 10 16 2 16
None (—) 21 4 26 12 4 0 13 1

Overview of time trend patterns for psychological and somatic complaints by gender and country for 1994–2018 and 1994–2022 (Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, 41 countries).

* = Different trend pattern for 1994–2018 and 1994–2022;

a

Data since 1994.

b

Data since 1998.

c

Data since 2002.

d

Data since 2006.

e

Data since 2010.

The first published incorrect version of the article has been updated.

Summary

Keywords

adolescence, mental health, gender differences, cross-national, HBSC

Citation

Schrijvers K, Cosma A, Potrebny T, Thorsteinsson E, Catunda C, Reiss F, Hulbert S, Kostičová M, Melkumova M, Bersia M, Klanšček HJ, Gaspar T and Dierckens M (2025) Corrigendum: Three Decades of Adolescent Health: Unveiling Global Trends Across 41 Countries in Psychological and Somatic Complaints (1994–2022). Int. J. Public Health 70:1609116. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2025.1609116

Received

22 September 2025

Accepted

24 September 2025

Published

23 October 2025

Volume

70 - 2025

Updates

Copyright

*Correspondence: Karen Schrijvers,

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All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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