ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Int J Public Health

Volume 70 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/ijph.2025.1607013

Intracerebral hemorrhage: The global differential burden and secular trends from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030

Xuesong YangXuesong Yang1Yanbo LiuYanbo Liu1Shiling ChenShiling Chen2Danyang ChenDanyang Chen2Xuan WuXuan Wu2Yanqiong WuYanqiong Wu1Cheng LiuCheng Liu1Anne ManyandeAnne Manyande3Hongbing XiangHongbing Xiang4*Zhouping TangZhouping Tang2*
  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
  • 2Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hebei Province, China
  • 3School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex, United Kingdom
  • 4Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China

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Objectives: This study aims to analyze the global burden and temporal trends of intracerebral hemorrhage from 1990 to 2019 and to project the burden up to 2030, considering variations across regions, sexes, and age groups.Methods: Data were sourced from the GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2019 study. We assessed ASIR (age-standardized incidence rates), ASMR (age-standardized mortality rates) , and ASDR (age-standardized disability adjusted life year rate) using the BAPC (Bayesian age-period-cohort) model. Spearman's Rho correlation was used to examine the relationship between disease burden and the SDI (Socio-Demographic Index) .Results: From 1990 to 2019, the global ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of intracerebral hemorrhage decreased by 1.52%, 1.64%, and 1.64%, respectively, while absolute case numbers increased. Males consistently exhibited higher ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR than females. The projections suggest that by 2030, the incidence and absolute cases of intracerebral hemorrhage will continue to rise, while mortality rates will decline.Despite reductions in age-standardized rates, the global burden of intracerebral hemorrhage continues to increase due to population growth and aging. Effective prevention and treatment strategies, especially in low-SDI regions, are urgently needed.

Keywords: risk factor, Intracerebral hemorrhage, global incidence, global mortality, global disability

Received: 26 Dec 2023; Accepted: 14 May 2025.

Copyright: © 2025 Yang, Liu, Chen, Chen, Wu, Wu, Liu, Manyande, Xiang and Tang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence:
Hongbing Xiang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Zhouping Tang, Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hebei Province, China

Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

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